The true cause of this disease is not yet known, it was found that heredity has a small role in the infection of this disease, and many cases occur as a result of rubbing the eye over many years as a result of spring conjunctivitis.

The main symptoms are blurred vision:

With a rapid change in the measurements of the eyeglasses and the frequent frequency with the doctor to change the size of the glasses, and with the passage of time, the decrease in severity increases and the glasses become of limited benefit.

Keratoconus is diagnosed by examining the patient’s eye, pentagram corneal topography, and corneal thickness measurement.

Keratoconus is by its nature a progressive disease in which gradual deterioration occurs over time until the patient reaches the age of 40. Keratoconus treatment depends on the stage in which the disease was discovered. The development of keratoconus can be divided into 3 stages:

First stage:

Is (simple): in which the eyes are good with medical glasses.

At this stage, keratoconus is stabilized until the condition stabilizes so that no further deterioration occurs

The surgeon uses compound drops of riboflavin that are placed on the surface of the cornea after removing the epithelial cells lining its front surface.

Then, UV rays are shed at certain doses that increase the bonds between the collagen fibers and strengthen the corneal tissue, which prevents deterioration for many years after this operation. The corneal stabilization process is one of the operations that made a breakthrough in the treatment of keratoconus, as its success rate in stabilizing the cornea and preventing the deterioration of the disease is about 99% if performed in the right way. The ease of the operation prompts some surgeons to be negligent in the steps of that process, especially the step of shining ultraviolet rays on the cornea and leaving these steps to non-specialists, nurses and technicians inside the operating room, which leads to complications of the operation, the most famous of which is not shedding the optimal dose of rays on the cornea and thus the operation failed to stabilize Keratoconus, and these matters are subject to the surgeon’s honesty and his sense of responsibility towards the patient. The ease of the operation prompts some surgeons to be negligent in the steps of that process, especially the step of shining ultraviolet rays on the cornea and leaving these steps to non-specialists, nurses and technicians inside the operating room, which leads to complications of the operation, the most famous of which is not shedding the optimal dose of rays on the cornea and thus the operation failed to stabilize Keratoconus, and these matters are subject to the surgeon’s honesty and his sense of responsibility towards the patient.

Second stage:

(Medium): In which the patient’s eyesight is not good with medical glasses. At this stage, we treat keratoconus by implanting minute rings inside the corneal cortex using a femtosecond laser, which leads to modifying the meanders and reducing the curvature of the cornea, which leads to a noticeable improvement in vision in most cases, Once again. In some cases where the thickness of the cornea allows this, we treat keratoconus with a laser in Egypt by making a superficial laser with a corneal fingerprint to modify the corneal aliasing. Then we fix the keratoconus with ultraviolet rays and riboflavin so that it does not deteriorate again. This process is one of the very successful operations if the best choice of patient and the appropriate device for his condition.

Third stage:

(Severe): In which opacities occur in the cornea or a very severe convexity of the cornea. At this stage, we treat advanced keratoconus. At this stage, we perform corneal transplantation (grafts), which are of two types:

-Total corneal transplantation, in which the patient’s cornea is replaced with a human cornea from a deceased donor with all its layers that do not have keratoconus defects.

-Partial or stratified corneal transplantation, where the superficial layers of the patient are replaced while preserving the inner connective cell layer lining the back surface of the cornea, which leads to a reduction in the rate of immune rejection of the transplanted cornea.

In the case of corneal transplantation, the patient must pay attention to follow-up and adhere to medications and drops.